Characteristics of the area:
Bratislava is on the crossing point of the bio-corridor of the
Danube and the Alps-Karpates
The City and the surrounding communities are in different stages of development.
· The people of this region speak 3 different languages: Slovak, German, Hungarian.
· The area falls under 4 different law systems: Slovakia, Lower Austria, Burgenland, Hungary.
· For spatial development and planning it means 4 different spatial planning systems with its own
organization, instruments etc., that are not directly compatible with each other.
· The number of stakeholders in this region is enormous, considering only those from state and public
administration the stakeholders are:
o Region (county) of Bratislava
o City of Bratislava
o City boroughs of Bratislava
o State (Land) Lower Austria
o State (Land) Burgenland
o The municipalities in Austria
o The municipalities in Hungary
o The Györ-Moson-Sopron County in Hungary
And the castle of Bratislava is considered to be the centre of Bratislava, then the villages in Austria, Wolfsthal, Berg or Kittsee are as close to the Bratislava centre as are the city boroughs Dúbravka, Lamac in the west or Krasnany, Trnávka, Prievoz, Pošen in the east.
When we take a distance range of 10 km from the city centre, there is the next cluster of Austrian municipalities like Hainburg, Edelstal, Pama, Deutsch Jahrndorf that are as far from the centre as city the Bratislavan boroughs Devín, Devínska Nová Ves, Záhorská Bystrica, Raca, Podunajské Biskupice, Rusovce.
Some historical facts
Under the Communist regime (before 1989), Bratislava was administratively enlarged, simply by attaching
adjacent municipalities to the Municipality of Bratislava by simple administrative decision.
This enlargement lead to an anomaly, that Bratislava is not a compact city.
Just for comparison: The area of Vienna and Bratislava is almost the same, but in Vienna the population is almost 4-times largess.
After the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918, Bratislava became the capital of Slovakia - the centre of new national offices of state administration, economic and cultural institutions and the Comenius University.
New residential neighbourhoods in locations north of the Castle were built. In the outskirts of the city, working
quarters and emergency colonies were built.
The Second World War marked the lay out of the city. The allied bombing destroyed the refinery Apollo, the port was damaged, houses were destroyed and badly damaged. The retreating German army destroyed subsequently the bridge over the Danube, which later would be rebuilt with the help of the Red Army.
After the war, in 1946 the city was extended with eight adjacent villages Petržalka Vajnory, Prievoz, Devin,
Karlova Ves, Dúbravka and Lamac.
The area of the city in 1945 was 68,58 km2 and with the affiliated municipalities it reached 187,88 km2. This
allowed a development as a compact city, based on the principle of core directions.
The Periods of 50's and 60´s has affected the city with large sanitation interventions in the historic city centre, and touched areas to improve the operation ability of the city.
In this period, the dwelling fund was re-established and the construction of first settlements build of panel houses started. Existing industrial sites were modernized and new complexes of higher education, university, colleges, primary and secondary schools, scientific and research institutes complexes were build. The Castle of Bratislava was reconstructed.
In the years after 1968, the city annexed the territory of the municipalities of Podunajské Biskupice, Vrakuna,
Záhorská Bystrica Jarovce, Rusovce, Cunovo which made the city reach an area of 367.49 km2.
Today, Bratislava has its core around the historical centre and some newer parts around it, but the compact city ends with city-boroughs Ružinov, Nové mesto, Lamac, Dúbravka.
Further, there are residential Satellites and former original municipalities, like Devínska Nová Ves, Záhorska
Bystrica, Raca, Podunajské Biskupice, Rusovce a Cunovo and constitute neighbourhoods that are separated from the city by agricultural fields.
In the southern part, there is no natural border (see picture above). The artificial national border is running
between agricultural fields.
The idea of the green belt.
KOBRA (Kooperation Bratislava) does not include Bratislava
The idea of restoring the Danube Arm(s).
Critical Mass:
The Austrian villages visited, did not have a lot of critical mass to maintain a full range of functions needed in a village, but we have the idea that together and relative closely situated, they form a community with sufficient functions.
Connetivity:
The green area is badly connected to the city. Also in the minds of the people. There is no connection between local food production by local farmers and the consumers in the city.
The bike road is a strength of the area. People from Austria come to use the bike lanes in Slovakia and people from Slovakia do bike trips to Austria.
The main connections of the City to and in the 4th Quadrant are car based.
City development: there is no dialogue going on about city development. Participation suffers form small interest, but once plans are presented there are protesters.
Neighbourhood marketing does not exist, only new houses are promoted by real estate companies.
Events are not promoted strongly enough, and the city is not using known events like the ice hockey championship, to built further upon. Politicians are not educated nor involved in urban planning.
The connection between master planning and marketing is missing.
The Centrope initiative is not known amongst the Bratislavan people. This is an administrative cooperation in
Central Europe, but not a known concept amongst inhabitants in this area.
The Twin City ( Bratislava Vienna) is known because of the twin city liner high speeds ferry connection, but is not the correct name as Bratislava and Vienna are to different in character and scale to be twin cities at all
The area suffers uncontrolled (sub)urbanisation. Although a master plan is present this process is not structured.
In a regional setting the cooperation with the neighbouring municipalities is not structured.
The crises came timely, avoiding unstructured developments to spread out further.
The territorial cooperation is not working well. In the KOBRA initiative the cooperation within Austria is present but the cooperation with Bratislava is lacking. On the other side Bratislava is making plans but the Austrian partners are missing and are no part in it. There is no noticeable impact of the plans of Bratislava in the wider region.
SOURCE
Bratislava CUPA Report
Haccou H., Report implementation Lab, 4th Quadrant Bratislava, 20-22 September 2010
No comments:
Post a Comment