PERIURBAN
‘discontinuous built development containing settlements of each less than 20,000 population, with an average density of at least 40 persons per hectare (averaged over 1km cells)’
(Loibl and Köstl, 2008).
SPRAWL
Peiser (2001, p.78) proposes that the term »sprawl« mean the “gluttonous use of land, ninterrupted monotonous development, leapfrog discontinuous development and inefficient use of land”.
Squires(2002, p.2) defines sprawl as a pattern of urban and metropolitan growth that reflects “lowdensity,autom obile-dependent, exclusionary new development on the fringe of settled areas often surrounding a deteriorating city”
Galster et al (2001, p. 681), suggest that the term has variously been used to refer to: patterns of urban development, processes of extending the reach of urbanised areas, causes of particular practices of land use, and to the consequences of those practices. Therefore, they suggest that sprawl is: “a pattern of land use in an urbanised area that exhibits low levels of some combination of eight distinct dimensions of density, continuity, concentration, clustering, centrality, nuclearity, mixed uses and proximity” (Galster
et al 2001, p. 685).
URBS PANDENS
project in year 2002 was that “….sprawl is to be considered as a process of extending the reach of urbanised areas and not merely a pattern of land use in urbanised areas, that exhibits a low levels of some combination of distinct dimensions of sprawl as density, continuity, concentration, clustering, nuclearity, and mixed land uses….”
SUBURBAN
Suburb mostly refers to a residential area. They may be the residential areas of a city , or separate residential communities within commuting distance of a city. Some suburbs have a degree of political autonomy, and most have lower population density than inner city neighbourhoods. Suburbs tend to proliferate around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land.
URBAN FRINGE
The 'rural-urban fringe', also known as the outskirts or the urban hinterland, can be described as the "landscape interface between town and country", or also as the transition zone where urban and rural uses mix and often clash. Alternatively, it can be viewed as a landscape type in its own right, one forged from an interaction of urban and rural land uses.
Its definition shifts depending on the global location, but typically in Europe where urban areas are intensively managed to prevent urban sprawl and protect agricultural land the urban fringe will be characterised by certain land uses which have either purposely moved away from the urban area, or require much larger tracts of land. As examples:
Roads, especially motorways and bypasses, Waste transfer stations, recycling facilities and landfill sites, Park and ride sites, Airports, Large hospitals, Power, water and sewerage facilities. Factories, Large shopping facilities
EDGE CITIES
Garreau generated the term “edge city” that he describes with the following characteristics: (a) five million sq. feet or more of leasable office space – the workplace of the Information Age; (b) 600,000 sq. feet of leasable retail space; (c) more jobs than bedrooms; (d) is perceived by the population as one place; and (e) was nothing like “city” as recently as thirty years ago (1991, p 6-7).
But also expressions as PERIURBAN (to be also noted that the word is often referred to in the context of peri-urban agriculture) and URBAN RURAL INTERFACE are often used.
Also in the different Countries in Europe each language has an expression of its own to define more or less the same phenomenon in:
German: Zersiedelung
Italian: citta’ diffusa
French: Étalement urbain
Spanish: Dispersión urbana
Portuguese: Alastramento urbano
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